Monday, 24 August 2009
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948)
Sunday, 23 August 2009
Manny Farber Picks Top 1951 Films
Termite art wins in the list of the best films produced in 1951, as Manny Farber assembles such list. Ignoring prestigious studio A-films and focusing on the underdog (Feist, Walsh, early Wise) and the poular genres such as western, Sci-Fi and horror, it is a triumph of the personal taste over the officially endorsed and brought-to-mainstream cinema of the producers and big companies.
Let Stevens or Kazan win their Oscars; The Nation's Emanuel -- a life-size drip-celluloid statue of Kirk Douglas, ranting and disintegrating in the vengeful throes of death–goes to the man or men responsible for each of the following unheralded productions of 1951.
Little Big Horn. A low budget western, produced by Lippert, starring John Ireland and Lloyd Bridges. This tough-minded, unconventional, persuasive look-in on a Seventh Cavalry patrol riding inexorably through hostile territory to warn Custer about the trap Sitting Bull had set for him, was almost as good in its unpolished handling of the regular-army soldier as James Jones's big novel. For once, the men appear as individuals, rather than types -grousing, ornery, uprooted, complicated individuals, riding off to glory against their will and better judgment; working together as a team (for all their individualism) in a genuinely loose, efficient, unfriendly American style. The only naturalistic photography of the year; perhaps the best acting of the year in Ireland's graceful, somber portrait of a warmhearted but completely disillusioned lieutenant, who mayor may not have philandered with his captain's wife.
Fixed Bayonets. Sam Fuller's jagged, suspenseful, off-beat variant of the Mauldin cartoon, expanded into a full-length Korean battle movie without benefit of the usual newsreel clips. Funny, morbid -- the best war film since "Bataan". I wouldn't mind seeing it seven times.
His Kind of Woman. Good coarse romantic-adventure nonsense, exploiting the expressive dead-pans of Robert Mitchum and Jane Russell, a young man and a young woman who would probably enjoy doing in real life what they have to do here for RKO. Vincent Price superb in his one right role – that of a ham actor thrown suddenly into a situation calling for high melodramatic courage. Russell's petulant, toneless rendition of "Five Little Miles From San Berdoo" is high art of a sort.
The Thing. Howard Hawks's science-fiction quickie; fast, crisp, and cheap, without any progressive-minded gospel-reading about neighborliness in the atom age; good airplane take-offs and landings; wonderful shock effects (the plants that cry for human blood as human babies cry for milk); Kenneth Tobey's fine unpolished performance as a nice, clean, lecherous American air-force officer; well-cast story, as raw and ferocious as Hawks's "Scarface", about a battle of wits near the North Pole between a screaming banshee of a vegetable and an air-force crew that jabbers away as sharply and sporadically as Jimmy Cagney moves.
The Prowler. A tabloid melodrama of sex and avarice in suburbia, strictly out of James M. Cain, featuring almost perfect acting by Evelyn Keyes as a hot, dumb, average American babe who, finding the attentions of her disc-jockey husband beginning to pall, takes up with an amoral rookie cop (nicely hammed up by Van Heflin). Sociologically sharp on stray and hitherto untouched items like motels, athletic nostalgia, the impact of nouveau riche furnishings on an ambitious ne'er-do-well, the potentially explosive boredom of the childless, uneducated, well-to-do housewife with too much time on her hands.
The People Against O'Hara. An adroit, scholarly example of sound story-telling that every Message Boy should be made to study as an example of how good you can get when you neither slant nor over-simplify. Also highly enjoyable for its concern about a "static" subject -- the legal profession as such -- and the complete authority with which it handles soft-pedalled insights into things like the structure and routine of law offices; the politics of conviviality between cops, D.A. ‘s, judges, attorneys; the influence of bar associations; the solemn manner of memorializing the wrench caused by the death of a colleague; the painful ''homework'' of committing to memory the endless ramifications of your case, as well as the words you are going to feed the jury in the morning.
The Day the Earth Stood Still. Science-fiction again, this time, with ideals; a buoyant, imaginative filtering around in Washington, D.C., upon the arrival of a high-minded interplanetary federalist from Mars, or somewhere; matter-of-fact statements about white-collar shabby gentility in boarding-houses, offices and the like; imaginative interpretation of a rocket ship and its robot crew; good fun, for a minute, when the visitor turns off all the electricity in the world; Pat Neal good, as usual, as a young mother who believes in progressive education.
The Man Who Cheated Himself. A lightweight, O'Henry type story about a cop who hoists himself on his own petard; heavyweight acting by Jane Wyatt and Lee J. Cobb; as a consequence the only film this year to take a moderate, morally fair stand on moderately suave and immoral Americans, aged about forty. An effortlessly paced story, impressionistically coated with San Francisco's oatmeal-gray atmosphere; at the end, it wanders into an abandoned fort or prison and shows Hitchcock and Carol Reed how to sidestep hokum in a corny architectural monstrosity. Cobb packs more psychological truths about joyless American promiscuity into one ironic stare, one drag on a Cigarette, or one uninterested kiss than all the Mankiewicz heroes put together.
Background to Danger. Touch, perceptive commercial job glorifying the P-men (Post-Office sleuths), set in an authentically desolate wasteland around Gary, Indiana, crawling with pessimistic mail-robbers who act as though they'd seen too many movies like "Asphalt Jungle". Tight plotting, good casting, and sinuously droopy acting by Jan Sterling, as an easily-had broad who only really gets excited about -- and understands –waxed bop. Interesting for such sidelights as the semi-demihemi quaver of romantic attachment between the head P-man and a beautiful nun.
And, for want of further space, six-inch Emanuels to the following also-rans: "The Tall Target", "Against the Gun", "No Highway in the Sky", ''Happiest Days of Your Life", ''Rawhide'', Skelton's "Excuse My Dust", "The Enforcer", "Force of Arms", "The Wooden Horse", "Night Into Morning", ''Payment of Demand", "Cry Danger", and an anima ted cartoon - the name escapes me - about a crass, earnest herky-jerky dog that knocks its brains out trying to win a job in a Pisa pizza joint.
Friday, 21 August 2009
Undying Monster (1942)
مدتهاست که میخواهم راجع به جان برام، این کارگردان بزرگ و فراموششدۀ اکسپرسیونیست، چیزی بنویسم و تا حد امکان نوشتهای فراتر از یک یادداشت، با تمرکز بر زندگی و کارنامۀ بسیار قابل تأمل این استاد در سایهمانده.
این بار عزم خود را جزم کردهام که بعد از اتمام این «ماه وحشت» ـ که قرار است در قالب پروندۀ ژانر وحشت در ماهنامۀ فیلم منتشر شود (و پس از پروندههای ژانر تاریخی/حماسی، گنگستری و وسترن، چهارمین پروندۀ ژانر من در طول پنج سال گذشته خواهد بود) ـ به سراغ جان برام بروم؛ اما پیش از آن و بدون در نظر گرفتن اینکه برام کیست، مایلم به یکی از فیلمهای او که در ژانر وحشت قرار دارد، اشارهای گذرا کنم.
عنوان فیلم هیولای نامیرا (1942) است. اما برخلاف عنوان و برخلاف انتظاری که بیننده از دیدن پوستر فیلم پیدا میکند ـ پوستر زنی را مدهوش در آغوش یک هیولای گرگنمای ترسناک نشان میداد و باید بگویم «نسوان مدهوش در آغوش هیولاهای کریه»، چه در پوستر و چه در فیلم، یکی از نقاط ضعف بزرگ من است ـ این فیلم به معنای دقیق کلمه، یا به معنای «یونیورسالی»اش [اشاره به استودیوی یونیورسال]، یک فیلم ترسناک نیست. چیزهایی که جایگزین عناصر همیشگی ژانر شدهاند، علاوه بر توضیح جذابیت فیلم، میتوانند روشهای سینمایی جان برام را هم روشن کنند.
فیلم داستان مجموعهای از مرگهای فجیع و توضیحناپذیر را روایت میکند که در میان چند نسل از اعضای خانوادهای اشرافی در حومۀ لندن رخ میدهد. این راز در آغاز قرن بیستم، با کمک یک کارآگاه جوان اسکاتلندیارد و دستیار مؤنثش، حل میشود. عامل این قتلها به باور مردم دهکده و شایعات و خرافات موجود، یک هیولاست؛ در حالیکه از دید اسکاتلندیارد، این مرگهای مرموز چیزی جز قتلهای از پیش طراحیشده نیست. فیلم در نهایت در نقطهای میان این دو نگاه به پایان میرسد؛ میان عقلگرایی مفرط ژانر معمایی/تریلر و ایمان به ماوراء در فیلمهای ترسناک و هیولایی. برام روانشناسی و شیمی را به کار گرفته و آن را با یکی از کهنترین انگارههای اکسپرسیونیستی، یعنی «همزاد» (Doppelgänger)، تلفیق میکند. از دید او و به شهادت آثارش، روانشناسی یکی از قابلاعتمادترین متدهای علمی برای آشکار ساختن رازهای درون است، اما آن سرّ نهایی را نه روانشناسی و نه علوم محض توضیح میدهند. از همینرو در پایان بیشتر فیلمهای برام، دلهرهای تلخ و غافلگیرکننده شکل میگیرد؛ با غلبۀ دیو درون بر قهرمان یا قهرمانان.
تماشای این فیلم نشان میدهد که او چه کارگردان بینظیری در خلق فضا بوده است. هیولای نامیرا یک فیلم درجهدو (B-Movie) تمامعیار است، اما ببینید که چگونه برام محدودیتهای فنی اینگونه فیلمها را پشت سر گذاشته و غنای فضایی اثرش چیزی کمتر از ویلیام وایلر یا بیلی وایلدر در همان دوره ندارد.
Thursday, 20 August 2009
Learning from Las Vegas: Coppola & "One From the Heart"
آموختن از لاس وگاس به روایت کاپولا
From White Elephant Art vs. Termite Art
Advanced painting has long been suffering from this burnt out notion of a masterpiece -- breaking away from its imprisoning conditions towards a suicidal improvisation, threatening to move nowhere and everywhere, niggling, omniverous, ambitionless; yet, within the same picture, paying strict obeisance to the canvas edge and, without favoritism, the precious nature of every inch of allowable space. A classic example of this inertia is the Cezanne painting: in his in-doorish works of the woods around Aux de Province, a few spots of tingling, jarring excitement occur where he nibbles away at what he calls his "small sensation", the shifting of a tree trunk, the infinitesimal contests of complementary colors in a light accent on farmhouse wall. The rest of each canvas is a clogging weight-density-structure-polish amalgam associated with self-aggrandizing masterwork. As he moves away from the unique, personal vision that interests him, his painting turns ungiving and puzzling: a matter of balancing curves for his bunched-in composition, laminating the color, working the painting out to the edge. Cezanne ironically left an expose of his dreary finishing work in terrifyingly honest watercolors, an occasional unfinished oil (the pinkish portrait of his wife in sunny, leafed-in patio), where he foregoes everything but his spotting fascination with minute interactions.
The idea of art as an expensive hunk of well-regulated area, both logical and magical, sits heavily over the talent of every modern painter, from Motherwell to Andy Warhol. The private voice of Motherwell (the exciting drama in the meeting places between ambivalent shapes, the aromatic sensuality that comes from laying down thin sheets of cold, artfully cliche-ish, hedonistic color) is inevitably ruined by having to spread these small pleasures into great, contained works. Thrown back constantly on unrewarding endeavors (filling vast, egg-like shapes, organizing a ten-foot rectangle with its empty corners suggesting Siberian steppes in the coldest time of the year), Motherwell ends up with appalling amounts of plasterish grandeur, a composition so huge and questionably painted that the delicate, electric contours seem to be crushing the shale-like matter inside. The special delight of each painting tycoon (de Kooning's sabre-like lancing of forms; Warhol's minute embrace with the path of illustrator's pen line and block print tone; James Dine's slog-footed brio, filling a stylized shape from stem to stern with one ungiving color) is usually squandered in pursuit of the continuity, harmony, involved in constructing a masterpiece. The painting, sculpture, assemblage becomes a yawning production of over-ripe technique shrieking with preciosity fame, ambition; far inside are tiny pillows holding up the artist's signature, now turned into a mannerism by the padding, lechery, faking required to combine today's esthetics with the components of traditional Great Art.
Movies have always been suspiciously addicted to termite art tendencies. Good work usually arises where the creators (Laurel and Hardy, the team of Howard Hawks and William Faulkner on the first half of Raymond Chandler's The Big Sleep) seem to have no ambitions towards gilt culture, but are involved in a kind of squandering-beaverish endeavor that isn't anywhere or for anything. A peculiar fact about termite-tapeworm-fungus-moss art is that it goes always forward eating its own boundaries, and, likely as not, leaves nothing in its path other than the signs of eager, industrious, unkempt activity.
The most inclusive description of the art is, that, termite-like, it feels its way through walls of particularization, with no sign that the artist has any object in mind other than eating away the immediate boundaries of his art, and turning these boundaries into conditions of the next achievement.
Laurel and Hardy, in fact, in some of their most dyspeptic, and funniest movies, like Hog Wild, contributed some fine parody of men who had read every ''How to Succeed" book available; but, when it came to applying their knowledge, reverted instinctively to termite behavior.
Wednesday, 19 August 2009
Manny Farber on Henry Fonda
Henry Fonda, during a recent run-through of his films in New York, doesn't add up as "one hell of an actor" (as Bill Wellman declared in a Cinema magazine interview), but he is interesting for unimportant tics: the fact that he never acts one-on-one with a co-actor.
When Glenn Ford is a boneless, liquid-y blur as a cowboy dancer in The Rounders, Fonda fields Ford's act by doing a Stan Laurel, suggesting an oafish bag of bones in a hick foxtrot. Again in The Lady Eve, Sturges kids this Fonda-ism of opposing his playmates in a scene: Fonda's Hoppsy is a frozen popsicle, a menace of clumsiness while Eric Blore, Eugene Pallette are clever acting dervishes playing scintillating types.
Fonda's defensiveness (he seems to be vouchsafing his emotion and talent to the audience in tiny blips) comes from having a supremely convex body and being too modest to exploit it. Fonda's entry into a scene is that of a man walking backwards, slanting himself away from the public eye. Once in a scene, the heavy jaw freezes, becomes like a concrete abutment, and he affects a clothes hanger stance, no motion in either arm.
A good director must chop Fonda out from his competition: John Ford isolates Fonda for a great night scene in Young Mister Lincoln; communing with himself on a Jew's harp; there is another one in Oxbow Incident where Fonda explodes into a geometrical violence that ends in a beautiful vertical stomping. Left on his own, Fonda gets taller and taller, as he freezes into a stoical Pilgrim, sullenly and prudishly withdrawing while he watches another actor (Lee Tracy in The Best Man) have a ball.
Fonda's man-against-himself act was noticable in his first films during the 30s when his 20-year-old Tom Joad-Slim-Lincoln were aged into wizened, almost gnome-like old folks byan actor who keeps his own grace and talent light as possible in the role. During the 40s, in Daybreak and Ox-Bow, Fonda starts bearing down on the saintly stereotype with which writers strangled him. In a typical perversity, he edges into the bass-playing hero of Wrong Man with unlikable traits: nervousness that is like a fever, self-pity, a crushing guilt that makes him more untrustworthy than the movie's criminal population. Almost any trait can be read into his later work. From Mr. Roberts onwards, the heroic body is made to seem repellently beefy, thickened, and the saintliness of his role as an intelligent naval officer-candidate-president shakes apart at the edges with hauteur, lechery, selfishness.
The peculiar feature of this later Fonda performance, however, is that he defeats himself again by diminishing the hostility and meanness -- so that they fail to make us forget the country boy style in which they are framed.
Before it reaches its two strippers at midway point, The Rounders shows Fonda in urbane-bouyant stride, but even a second-team bit player, Edgar Buchanan, out-fences him during a funny exchange in which Fonda explains the name Howdy. Eugene Pallette (Lady Eve), a buoyant jelly bowl moving skywards as he goes downstairs, is a magical actor and nothing in Fonda's divested vocabulary is equipped to produce that kind of spring water bubbling and freshness.
Tuesday, 18 August 2009
Hitchcock Speaks
The Alfred Hitchcock episode of the classic Dick Cavett Show is an exceptional Hitch’s exhibit. For the first time he is giving the precise information about how (or in some cases why) he has directed his famous films and scenes. Although the usual ingenious humor is on, there is no trace of his sarcasm or sense of playing with the interviewer/camera which is evident in other Hitch’s TV interviews; especially as long as I remember two incredible French interviews; one paired with the greatest interview of film history with John Ford (it was broadcasted as a documentary from "arte" channel, a couple of years age), and the other one in French – yes, Hitch speaks in French! – as a part of Cinepanaroma (a French TV program dedicated to the art of filmmaking).
Don’t forget that at the time of this interview he was 73 years old – fresh from directing Frenzy, and maybe too tired to play his old games. And Cavett armored with a copy of Truffaut interview, picks his questions from the book (so must of the Q&As are nothing new to us), and it’s also a little strange for an American TV show, trying to investigate the technical aspects of Hitchcock films and Hitch, with a generosity unheard since the Truffaut sessions, giving all details and unveils his magician tricks. A must see for all Hitchcock fans.
Monday, 17 August 2009
The Fly (1958)
Sunday, 16 August 2009
Manny Farber On The Leopard Man
Saturday, 15 August 2009
Manny Farber on Ugly Melodramas

Hollywood has spawned, since 1946, a series of ugly melodramas featuring a cruel aesthetic, desperate craftsmanship, and a pessimistic outlook. These films ("The Set-Up", "Act of Violence", "Asphalt Jungle", and “No Way Out") are revolutionary attempts at turning life inside out to find the specks of horrible oddity that make puzzling, faintly marred kaleidoscopes of a street, face, or gesture. Whatever the cause of these depressing films -- the television menace, the loss of twenty-four million customers since the mid-forties -- it has produced striking changes in film technique. Writers overpack dialogue with hackneyed bitterness, actors perfect a quietly neurotic style, while directors -- by flattening the screen, discarding framed and centered action, and looming the importance of actors -- have made the movie come out and hit the audience with an almost personal savagery. The few recent films unmarked by the new technique ("Born to be Bad") seem naive and obsolete.
The new scripts are tortured by the "big" statement. "All About Eve" (story of the bright lights, dim wits, and dark schemes of Broadway) hardly gets inside theater because the movie is coming out of somebody's mouth. The actors are burdened with impossible dialogue abounding in clichés: ''Wherever there’s magic and make-believe and an audience -- there's theater"; timely words: ''We are the original displaced personalities"; and forced cleverness that turns each stock character into the echo of an eclectic writer. The new trick is to build character and plot with loaded dialogue, using hep talk that has discolored cheap fiction for years. In "The Breaking Point" the environment is a "jungle", the hero a morose skipper ''with only guts to peddle" who decides after a near-fatal gun battle that ; "a man alone hasn't got a chance". His spouse comes, through with "You’re more ma n than anyone I ever knew".
Stories, parading success-seekers through a jackpot of frustration, are unique in that they pick on outcasts with relentless cruelty that decimates the actor as much as the character. As a colored interne moves through the "No Way Out" blizzard of anti-Negro curses, everything about him is aggressively spiked so that a malignant force seems to be hacking at him. When the cruel aestheticians really click on these sadistic epics, foreboding death lurks over every scene. Cameramen dismember the human body, accenting oddities like Darnell's toothpick legs, or Pat Neal's sprawling mouth to make them inanimate; faces are made up to suggest death masks, expanded to an unearthly size, spotlighted in dark, unknown vacuums; metaphorical direction twists a chimp's burial ("Sunset Boulevard") into an uncanny experience by finding a resemblance between monkey and owner. Under the guise of sympathy these brutally efficient artists are sneaky torturers of the defeated or deranged character.
Directors like Wilder and Mankiewicz mechanically recreate the unharnessed energy and surprise of great Silent films with an elegantly controlled use of the inexplicable. In the jitterbugging scene of "Asphalt Jungle" Huston delicately undresses the minds of four characters and gauchely creates a sensuous, writhing screen, though his notion of jive is so odiously surrealistic it recalls Russian propaganda against the United States. The first glimpse of the faded star in "Sunset", using Bonnard's suede touch on Charles Addams's portraiture (a witch surveying her real estate through shutters and dark spectacles) is lightning characterization with a poetic tang. Brando, in "The Men", commands a G.I. troop into battle like a slow, doped traffic coping cars through an intersection, but his affected pantomime electrifies the screen with the hallucinatory terror of an early painting by De Chirico. Movies have seldom if ever been as subtle as these scenes, or as depressing in the use of outrageous element to expedite ambiguous craftsmanship. To understand the motives behind the highly charged, dissonant acting employed today, one has to go back to the time wasting, passive performance of an early "talkie".
No matter how ingenious the actor -- Harlow, Garbo, Lee Tracy – effectiveness and depth were dissipated by the uninterrupted perusal of a character geared to a definite "type" and acted with mannerisms that were always so rhythmically and harmoniously related that the effect was of watching a highly attenuated ballet. Directors today have docked the old notion of unremittingly consistent, river-like performances, and present what amounts to a confusion of "bits", the actor seen only intermittently in garish touches that are highly charged with meaning and character, but not actually melted into one clear recognizable person. Darnell's honestly ugly characterization of a depressed slattern is fed piecemeal into ''No Way Out", which moves her toward and away from malevolence, confuses her "color", and even confounds her body. Her job -- like the recent ones of Nancy Olson, John McIntyre, Hayden -- shouldn't be called a “performance” because it is more like a collage of personality, which varies drastically in every way to create the greatest explosion and "illumination" in each moment.