British Cinema in Iran: A Brief History

Many histories of contemporary Iran are left unwritten. Many stories about Iranians and their struggles throughout the 20th and 21th centuries, powerful and dramatic ones, are yet to be filmed. Foreign films in Iran, their reception and their impact on film culture is one of them.

I have contributed a chapter to a new book on Iran-UK cultural relations published by the British Council. Didgah: New Perspectives on UK-Iran Relations is a study of affinities shared between the two nations through history, art, and language.

In my chapter, called British Cinema in Iran: A Brief History, I've explored the continuing presence of British films in Iran, whether in form of theatrical screening or popular prime time TV series. It delves into various types of history, such as the history of Iran in 20th century, its film culture and even my personal history and a very special relationship I developed as a teenager with British films on TV.

It is a history which spans the promotional films of the British Council, in the 1940s to TV series such as The Sweeney, Miss Marple, Sherlock Holmes, and Edge of Darkness in 1990s. Sporadically, but often enthusiastically, British cinema and television productions have been highly appreciated in Iran and the UK’s identity has been on display in many and various ways.

I have narrated it, after an introduction, in three parts as following:

• First golden period: the documentary movement
• Second golden period: British art house cinema vs. Norman Wisdom 
• After the revolution: Norman (again), Nazis and beyond

Like any narrated history, there is a conclusion too.

The book can be download in its entirety here or viewed online, below.

Berlin: A Cinetopographic Guide

"Our taverns and our metropolitan streets, our offices and furnished rooms, our railroad stations and our factories appeared to have us locked up hopelessly. Then came the film and burst this prison world asunder."  —Walter Benjamin

The topographical Berlin, which one can journey to by train or plane, was born in the 12th century. The celluloid Berlin, which one also buys a ticket for but takes a different kind of trip to, materialized much later, towards the end of the 19th century. The silver screen immediately became a site of living memory for the city, as well as a means by which to project into future.

The “birth” of the celluloid Berlin took place on a rooftop above the Schönhauser Allee, when the inventors of German cinema, the Skladanowski brothers, captured Berlin’s skyline. Only a few of those frames remain, ghostly and fading. Provoked by these images, we will explore some of the best examples of Berlin on film.

READ THE FULLY ILLUSTRATED ESSAY ON KEYFRAME

Encounters at the End of the World: The Departed, 2014

A visual homage to some of the key figures in film who passed away in 2014. A cine comic strip by Ehsan Khoshbakht and Naiel Ibarrol.

SEE AND READ HERE

Like One of Truffaut's Dreams [Il Cinema Ritrovato, 2014]

فانتوماس - Fantômas

گزارش بيست و هشتمين جشنوارۀ Il Cinema Ritrovato، بولونيا، ايتاليا، 7 تا 14 تير 1393

مثل يكي از خواب‌هاي تروفو

احسان خوش‌بخت

شبحِ صدساله و جوان هانري

پياتزتا پازوليني. حياطي در محاصره سالن‌هاي سينما، موزه، كتابخانه و ستاد فرماندهي سينه‌فيلياي امروز، چينه‌تِكا بولونيا در دل شهري كه پير پائولو پازوليني در آن به دنيا آمد. هنوز هم روي ديوارهاي شهر به جاي چه گوارا يا باب مارلي صورت مكعب-مستطيلي پازوليني را مثل كد رمزي از دنياي زيرزميني نقاشي مي‌كنند. فكر اين كه كساني در نيمه‌هاي شب، دور از چشم پليس و رهگذران، اين پازوليني‌هايِ شابلونيِ سياه و سفيد را روي ديوارهاي قهوه‌اي و نارنجي شهر قرون وسطايي حك مي‌كنند خودش به رويايي سينمايي مي‌ماند، مثل يكي از آن خواب‌هاي فرانسوا تروفو.

 در گوشه‌اي از حياط پازوليني، ژان دوشه، يكي از آخرين تفنگداران نسل اول «كايه دو سينما» زير سايه چتري نشسته است. عكسي از او را كه در تهران دهۀ چهل شمسي در دفتر مجلۀ «هنر و سينما» گرفته شده به دوشه نشان مي‌دهم. چشمانِ گردش گردتر مي‌شود. «آآآآآآ». يك «آ»ي خيلي طولاني از سر تعجب و به خاطرآوردن سرعت گذر زمان كه سريع‌تر از يك كمدي باستر كيتن است. دوشه از دو مرد جوان ديگر حاضر در عكس پركنتراست مي‌پرسد. به او مي‌گويم يكي پرويز نوري است و آن يكي كيومرث وجداني و هر دو هنوز فعالند. دوشه به احترام دوندگان استقامت لبخند مي‌زند. 

Celluloid London: A Dandy in Aspic

A Dandy in Aspic (1968), a cold war spy thriller set in the UK and Germany, was Anthony Mann's last film. He suffered a fatal heart attack while filming in West Berlin and the film was completed by its star Laurence Harvey.

After the opening sequence which seems to be shot in Surrey, the first half of the film is entirely set in London and demonstrates a cleverly mapped series of movements in the city which I have pinpointed here:

Unlike many other London films of the period, Anthony Mann's move in London is geographically rational. By that I mean eschewing the urban inaccuracies of films such as Victim, in which when the car turns around a street, we face an impossible jump to a location miles away.

What Mann does is keeping every move in the city within the logic of its material space, hence drawing a map in audience's mind which intensifies the relation between the drama and the place.

Even the Berlin part, a city which I barely know, benefits from the same intensity and accuracy of cinetopographical mapping. I believe it is the same consistency which gives an authentic feeling to Mann's even older, studio-built films such as Side Street (1950).

The exterior movement of A Dandy in Aspic, as you see marked on the map in order of their introduction in the film, develops like this:

Anthony Mann Interviewed (1964-65)

گفت‌وگوي كريستوفر ويكينگ و بري پتيسن با آنتوني مان، 65- 1964

مثل اديپ يا آنتيگون

نظرتان دربارة وسترن چيست؟

فكر مي‌كنم دليل اين‌كه وسترن محبوب‌ترين و پايدارترين ژانر است، در آزادي عملي است كه در مناظر طبيعي و در خلق هيجان به آدم‌ها مي‌دهد. فرمي بدوي است، با قواعد مشخص‌نشده؛ هر كاري بخواهيد مي‌توانيد با آن انجام دهيد. كيفيت بصري مطلوبي دارد. هرجور شخصيتي كه بخواهيد در آن هست؛ خشونت، هر چيز مورد نيازتان، گستره‌اي از تمام احساسات، لذت تجربه‌هاي ناكرده و بيرون استوديو. وسترن افسانه است و افسانه بهترين شكل سينما را مي‌سازد. چيزي است كه تخيل را به شور مي آورد ــ آن‌چه مردم عاشقانه دوست دارند. آن‌ها نمي‌خواهند بگويند كه «اَه اينو خودم مي‌دونم!»؛ آن‌ها فقط احتياج دارند كه چيزي را احساس كنند، افسانه تصويري از شخصيت‌هاي وراي زندگي روزمره‌شان است. وسترن آدم را از چيزهاي دست‌وپاگير و قواعد رها مي‌كند. چه‌طور يك سرخ‌پوست زندگي مي‌كند؟ چه‌طوري در دشت‌ها مي‌تازد؟ يك مرد چه‌گونه وارد بار مي‌شود و به كسي شليك مي‌كند؟ اين‌ها ديگر اتفاق نمي‌افتد. وسترن حالا در جريان نيست، اما روحي است كه نوعي از آزادي و تحرك را در خود دارد و براي هميشه در ذهن بيننده حبس مي‌شود. مردم مي‌گويند: «اي كاش آن‌وقت‌ها زندگي مي‌كرديم ــ شگفت‌انگيز نيست كه آن‌وقت‌ها چه‌قدر حرفه‌اي بودند؟ رؤياهايشان چه بود؟ چه مي‌كردند؟».

R.I.P. Francesco Rosi (1922-2015)

Best Films of 2014

Some of my favorite films of the year as published (or to be published in early January) on Keyframe, Senses of Cinema, and MUBI Notebook.

فيلم‌هاي برگزيدۀ سال

Parade of the Dead...Continued

What Price Glory (John Ford, 1952) DoP: Joseph McDonald

Swing in Darkness: Interviewing Ekkehard Wölk

This interview with silent film accompanist and jazz piano master Ekkehard Wölk was originally published on Film International. The Farsi version appeared on Film Monthly and the online publication, on Silent Era where it is has been accessible for the last 4 years.

Ekkehard Wölk is a German pianist, arranger, composer, and accompanist for silent films. His style consists of a personal interpretation of classical music from a jazz improviser's view. He has composed music scores for several German silent films, two of which, Secrets of a Soul (G.W. Pabst, 1926) and The Finances of the Grand Duke (F. W. Murnau, 1924), are currently available on DVD (released by Kino International).

Wölk was born on 14 June 1967 in Schleswig, Germany, and began his piano training at the age of seven in the classical tradition of Leschetitzky and his famous adepts Artur Schnabel and Edwin Fischer. After graduating from high school, in 1987, he studied historical and systematic musicology at the University of Hamburg and continued his scholarship at the Humboldt University in Berlin.

From 1988 Wölk studied classical piano at the conservatories in Hamburg and Lubeck, graduating in 1994 as a concert pianist and music pedagogue. Ekkehard wrote his first jazz compositions at the age of twenty-two, and at first, his primary jazz influence was Bill Evans, but he later also studied Bud Powell, McCoy Tyner, Thelonious Monk, Ahmad Jamal, Art Tatum, and specifically Fred Hersch who, many years later, became his master teacher in New York City.

In 1995, Wölk moved to Berlin and worked as a composer and bandleader, developing creative projects mostly in the jazz field. He has worked as a jazz and classical teacher, as an arranger, and as a flexible accompanist for many jazz singers, as well as in the classical and musical show genres. He has also worked in theatre as an accompanist, notably, for the Brecht Theatre Berliner Ensemble.